Complex and Genetic Disease Research

Complex and Genetic Disease Research

Complex diseases are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, many of which are not fully understood. Although some complex diseases can be highly heritable, many do not follow specific, clear models of inheritance and are not often the result of a single mutated gene. In fact, >90% of disease associated variants are located in non-coding regions of the genome.1 Roughly 5% of complex diseases are caused by monogenic inheritence, while the vast majority is polygenic.2 Autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, atherosclerosis and many forms of heart disease, neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders are all types of disease that fall into this category.

Given their multifactorial nature, researching complex diseases has proven challenging. Luckily, genomics technologies, including arrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are helping accelerate research and are paving the way to achieve greater understanding of disease etiology and, hopefully one day, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases.

Featured Research Stories

Celebrating discovery and progress in human genetics
Celebrating discovery and progress in human genetics

In Berlin, Illumina experts and other industry leaders gather at ESHG 2024 to discuss the future of precision medicine and more

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FMRI achieves higher efficiency in genomic research with Illumina’s new exome enrichment
FMRI achieves higher efficiency in genomic research with Illumina’s new exome enrichment

Ms. Sookyoung Kim, the Chief Researcher, Future Medicine Research Institute discusses the results of her evaluation of Illumina DNA Prep with Exome 2.0 Plus Enrichment.

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Shriners Children’s big bet on the future of specialized pediatric care
Shriners Children’s big bet on the future of specialized pediatric care

The century-old institution is taking its research global, collecting international samples to find disease-associated variants

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See How Genomics Empowers Breakthroughs in Complex and Genetic Disease Research
 

Disease Association Studies

Genome-wide association studies uncover common and rare variants associated with disease

Gene Target Identification and Pathway Analysis

Differential Expression Analysis

Differential expression analysis measures changes in gene expression under different conditions or in response to determinite stimuli.

Expression Anaysis by RNA-Seq Provides:
  • Quantitative changes in expression across the transcriptome in different conditions
  • The ability to profile disease state changes and responses to therapeutics
Quantitative trait loci (QTL)

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identifies molecular markers that correlate to a quantitative change in a particular trait or dynamic outcome.

QTL Analysis Provides:
  • Immediate insight into a probable biological basis for disease associations
  • Identification of gene networks involved in disease pathogenesis
Epigenetic Analysis

Epigenetic analysis elucidates the biological mechanisms that alter gene activity resulting from non-coding variation and the environment.

Epigenomic Analysis Provides:
  • Insight into disease mechanisms for non-coding variants
  • A genome-wide view of changes and patterns in regulatory mechanisms

Polygenic Risk Scoring

A polygenic risk score represents an approximation of an individual’s genetic risk for disease, based on the sum of the risk alleles for a disease trait, relative to the population.

Polygenic risk scores have the potential to:
  • Stratify patients for clinical trials
  • Stratify samples for cohort analysis
  • Assess an individual’s heritable risk for disease
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